What is the difference between Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 PVC pipe and fittings?

• Answer: Schedule 40 (white) has a thinner wall and is used for low-pressure applications like potable water, irrigation, and pool systems. Schedule 80 (gray) has a thicker wall for higher-pressure applications like chemical processing or wastewater treatment. Both have the same outer diameter for fitting compatibility, but Schedule 80’s smaller inner diameter may reduce flow. Combining them is not recommended due to uneven flow. Building structures with Schedule 40 is the best balance between strength and price.  

   

   

What is the difference between furniture-grade and plumbing-grade (utility grade) PVC fittings?

• Answer: Furniture-grade fittings have UV inhibitors to prevent discoloration, a glossy finish, and no manufacturer markings, ideal for aesthetic projects like furniture. Plumbing-grade fittings often have printing or embossing, are designed for plumbing functionality but also work great for building many things. In many cases you can save money by using plumbing-grade but you may not get the longevity that furniture grade will give.

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How do you connect PVC pipe and fittings?

• Answer: PVC pipes are typically joined using solvent cement welding (primer and glue) for a permanent, watertight seal or push-fit (gasket) fittings for easier assembly. Threaded fittings use PTFE tape for a removable seal. Always dry-fit first to ensure alignment, and avoid dry-fitting without immediate cementing to prevent leaks. When building structures we often will use self-tapping screws to keep the joints secure. In the case with PVC pipe and fittings the fit is usually very tight already, many applications do not require any additional permanent solution.

   

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What are the different types of PVC pipe fittings?

• Answer: Common fittings include:

  • Couplings: Connect two pipes in a straight line.

  • Side Outlet Tee: Tee shaped with an extra outlet coming out at 90°.

  • Side Outlet Elbow: A 3 way corner fitting.

  • 5 Way Cross: A cross fitting with an extra outlet in the center.

  • Elbows: Change direction (e.g., 90° or 45°).

  • Tees: Split or combine with three connections.

  • Crosses: Connect four pipes in a single plane.

  • Table Cap: A cap with screw holes to attach your pipe to a surface

  • Snap Tab: Snap your pipe vertically against a flat surface like a wall or table.

  • Caps/Plugs: Seal pipe ends.

  • Adapters: Connect different pipe types or sizes.

  • Slip Tee: A tee fitting that has no stops, letting the pipe slide through.

  • Slip Cross: A cross fitting that has no stops, letting the pipe slide through.

  • Unions: Allow disassembly for maintenance.

  • Nipples/Flanges: Join female ends or create sealed joints.

  • Side Saddle Tee: Snap on a tee anywhere on your pipe

  • Adjustable Angle Fittings: Loosen the joint to create almost any angle

  • PVC Pipe Stake: Stake your PVC pipe to the ground.

     

What is the difference between PVC and CPVC pipes and fittings?

• Answer: PVC is used for cold water applications (up to 140°F) like drainage or irrigation, while CPVC (chlorinated PVC) handles hot water (up to 200°F) and is suitable for potable water systems. CPVC fittings use solvent cement but aren’t compatible with PVC due to different bonding properties.

   

   

   

Can PVC pipe and fittings be used for potable water?

• Answer: PVC pipes and fittings with an NSF 61 rating are safe for potable water. CPVC is often preferred for drinking water due to its higher heat and corrosion resistance. Flexible PVC may not have a potable water rating due to taste issues or lack of certification. Furniture Grade PVC has no rating and for that reason it is not certified for use with potable water. 

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How do you size PVC pipe and fittings? (SIZING HELP GUIDE)

• Answer: PVC uses Nominal Pipe Size (NPS), where the outer diameter is standardized (e.g., 1-inch pipe has a slightly larger outer diameter of 1.315"). Fittings match the pipe’s NPS. Schedules (e.g., 40, 80) affect wall thickness, not outer diameter. Use a PVC size guide to match pipes and fittings accurately.

   

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Are PVC pipe fittings compatible with other materials like PEX or copper?

• Answer: Adapters can connect PVC to PEX or copper, but direct compatibility is limited. CPVC fittings don’t bond with PEX or copper due to solvent cement specificity. Push-to-connect fittings (e.g., SharkBite) work with PVC, CPVC, and copper for temporary or low-pressure applications. In many cases there are adapters that can connect the various types of pipe to each other.

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How long do PVC pipes and fittings last?

• Answer: PVC-U pipes and fittings can last 50–100+ years, especially in buried applications, based on hoop stress testing and real-world data (e.g., 70-year-old pipes in Germany). Furniture-grade fittings with UV inhibitors extend outdoor lifespan by resisting sun damage.

   

   

Can PVC pipe fittings be used for outdoor projects?

• Answer: Yes, especially furniture-grade fittings with UV resistance (like Circo’s snap clamps) for projects like greenhouses or furniture. Plumbing-grade PVC may discolor or degrade in sunlight unless treated. Insulate pipes for outdoor use to prevent freezing. Electrical conduit (gray PVC) is typically UV rated and will last in the sun longer than plumbing grade PVC.

   

   

What tools are needed to cut and assemble PVC pipe?

• Answer: Common tools include a PVC cutter or hacksaw for clean cuts, emery cloth for smoothing edges, primer and solvent cement for gluing, and PTFE tape for threaded joints. A measuring tape and marker ensure precise cuts. One good solution is a battery powered pipe cutter like Ryobi PVC cutter tool. To cut large amounts of pipe together we use a Dewalt chop saw or a sliding miter saw or compound saw. 

   

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Are PVC fittings resistant to chemicals?

• Answer: PVC is highly resistant to acids, alkalis, and most oils, making it suitable for chemical processing or wastewater systems. However, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene in some fuels) can cause swelling. If there is any need to clean the pipe or fittings you can use acetone or a type of Goo Gone.

   

Can you use PVC pipe fittings for furniture or DIY projects?

• Answer: Yes, furniture-grade fittings are ideal for DIY projects like chairs, shelves, or greenhouses due to their durability and clean appearance. All of our fittings, whether furniture grade or plumbing grade will work with either furniture grade or plumbing grade pipe. 

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How do you prevent leaks in PVC pipe fittings?

• Answer: Ensure clean, square cuts, dry-fit for alignment, apply primer and solvent cement evenly, and hold joints for 10–15 seconds. For threaded fittings, use PTFE tape. Avoid over-tightening or dry-fitting without cement, as it can lead to leaks.

   

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Are PVC fittings recyclable?

• Answer: Yes, PVC-U and CPVC fittings are 100% recyclable. PVC-O and PVC-HI also have favorable environmental profiles, supporting sustainable plumbing and construction projects.